{"id":191,"date":"2023-05-25T08:45:03","date_gmt":"2023-05-25T06:45:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nationalpark.08eins-preview.ch\/fr\/flore-et-faune\/flore\/le-meleze\/"},"modified":"2024-02-05T13:49:15","modified_gmt":"2024-02-05T12:49:15","slug":"le-meleze","status":"publish","type":"florafauna_cpt","link":"https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/flore-et-faune\/le-meleze\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9l\u00e8ze"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les m\u00e9l\u00e8zes enflamment l’Engadine de leurs ors caract\u00e9ristiques en octobre.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le m\u00e9l\u00e8ze est, de toutes les esp\u00e8ces de conif\u00e8res, celle qui surprend le plus par ses changements. Au printemps, les d\u00e9licates aiguilles vertes apparaissent pour se colorer en jaune-dor\u00e9 en automne et tomber en novembre. Les m\u00e9l\u00e8zes ne sont pas exigeants quant au sol, mais il leur faut beaucoup de lumi\u00e8re pour germer. Ils pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent les for\u00eats claires et les espaces ouverts.
\nDe nouvelles aiguilles de m\u00e9l\u00e8zes poussent de fin mai \u00e0 d\u00e9but juin. Peu apr\u00e8s, les fleurs femelles rouges \u00e9closent.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Le lichen tue-loup est un compagnon fr\u00e9quent du m\u00e9l\u00e8ze. Ce lichen hautement toxique \u00e9tait autrefois utilis\u00e9 pour empoisonner les app\u00e2ts destin\u00e9s aux loups.<\/p>\n

Dans le Parc National, le m\u00e9l\u00e8ze est tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandu jusqu’\u00e0 2200 m d’altitude. Avec l\u2019arole et le pin couch\u00e9, il forme la limite sup\u00e9rieure des arbres. N\u00e9anmoins, le brouillard et l’humidit\u00e9 ne lui conviennent pas et c’est pourquoi le m\u00e9l\u00e8ze affectionne \u00e9galement le climat sec de l\u2019Engadine. L’\u00e9corce de ces vieux arbres peut atteindre 30 cm d’\u00e9paisseur et les prot\u00e8ge contre les chutes de pierres ou l\u2019abroutissement.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tous les 9 ans en principe, le m\u00e9l\u00e8ze est infest\u00e9 par la tordeuse du m\u00e9l\u00e8ze, une chenille de papillon tr\u00e8s vorace. Les couronnes des m\u00e9l\u00e8zes adoptent d\u00e9j\u00e0 en \u00e9t\u00e9 une couleur brun\u00e2tre.
\nLes p\u00e2turages \u00e0 m\u00e9l\u00e8zes sont caract\u00e9ristiques de l’Engadine. Les paysans ayant abattu \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque les aroles, des p\u00e2turages clairsem\u00e9s de m\u00e9l\u00e8zes sont rest\u00e9s, servant au pacage du b\u00e9tail.<\/p>\n

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