{"id":145,"date":"2023-05-19T08:44:36","date_gmt":"2023-05-19T06:44:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nationalpark.08eins-preview.ch\/fr\/flore-et-faune\/animaux\/marmotte\/"},"modified":"2024-02-16T20:31:38","modified_gmt":"2024-02-16T19:31:38","slug":"marmotte","status":"publish","type":"florafauna_cpt","link":"https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/flore-et-faune\/marmotte\/","title":{"rendered":"Marmotte"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00c0 l&rsquo;origine, la marmotte est un animal des steppes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La marmotte des Alpes s&rsquo;est adapt\u00e9e aux pelouses alpines et subalpines. Pour se prot\u00e9ger de ses ennemis en terrain d\u00e9gag\u00e9, elle compte sur ses terriers. En cas de danger, elle disparait rapidement dans un terrier ou dans une galerie de 1 \u00e0 2 m\u00e8tres de long. La marmotte utilise souvent des galeries diff\u00e9rentes pour l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 et l\u2019hiver.<br \/>\n\u00c0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la marmotte des Alpes, il existe au monde 12 autres esp\u00e8ces qui, \u00e0 l\u2019exception d\u2019une seule, pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent les steppes sans arbres.<br \/>\nLes terriers de marmottes peuvent s&rsquo;enfoncer jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 3 m de profondeur et s\u2019\u00e9tendre sur 20 m.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 56.25% 0 0 0; position: relative;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/894577421?h=9d765a7504\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/api\/player.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>Les contacts sociaux jouent un r\u00f4le pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant dans la vie des marmottes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les animaux se reconnaissent \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de l&rsquo;odeur de la glande jugale. Les m\u00e2les marquent leur territoire gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 elle.<br \/>\nLes marmottes vivent en cellules familiales. Les \u00e9trangers \u00e0 la famille sont chass\u00e9s. La famille est normalement compos\u00e9e d&rsquo;un m\u00e2le, d&rsquo;une femelle et de plusieurs jeunes. Comme les femelles ne mettent pas bas tous les ans, chaque ann\u00e9e n\u2019est pas repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans une famille.<br \/>\nLes marmottons doivent apprendre \u00e0 se m\u00e9fier des pr\u00e9dateurs. Apr\u00e8s trois ans, les jeunes marmottes quittent le terrier familial.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650.jpg.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19587\" src=\"https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650.jpg.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650.jpg.webp 1280w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650-300x90.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650-1024x307.jpg.webp 1024w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650-600x180.jpg.webp 600w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650-768x230.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650-150x45.jpg.webp 150w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650-992x298.jpg.webp 992w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/LO_20220423_123650-460x138.jpg.webp 460w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>L&rsquo;hibernation des marmottes est un chef-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre de la nature.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Des \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es dans les Grisons \u00e0 Avers ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les marmottes ne mangent pas seulement de l\u2019herbe en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, mais qu\u2019elles se concentrent sur certaines plantes sp\u00e9cifiques, en particulier le tr\u00e8fle des Alpes. La composition \u2013 surtout la teneur en acides gras \u2013 est de grande importance pour la constitution de r\u00e9serves de graisse pour l\u2019hiver.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902.jpg.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19757\" src=\"https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902.jpg.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902.jpg.webp 1280w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902-300x90.jpg.webp 300w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902-1024x307.jpg.webp 1024w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902-600x180.jpg.webp 600w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902-768x230.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902-150x45.jpg.webp 150w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902-992x298.jpg.webp 992w, https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/sites\/6\/2023\/05\/\u00a9SNP_83_20210718_170104_A902-460x138.jpg.webp 460w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fin septembre, les marmottes s&rsquo;installent pour hiberner dans leur terrier bien douillet. Leurs fonctions corporelles ralentissent alors fortement. Toutes les deux semaines environ, leur temp\u00e9rature corporelle remonte de 3 \u00e0 6 degr\u00e9s pour atteindre les 38 degr\u00e9s, s\u2019y maintenant pendant environ 2 jours. La raison de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne fait encore l\u2019objet de recherches. On suppose qu\u2019il sert \u00e0 \u00e9viter la mort des cellules nerveuses inactives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-145","florafauna_cpt","type-florafauna_cpt","status-publish","hentry","florafauna_category-autres-mammiferes","florafauna_category-faune"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Marmotte - Parc National Suisse<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalpark.ch\/fr\/flore-et-faune\/marmotte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marmotte - Parc National Suisse\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c0 l&rsquo;origine, la marmotte est un animal des steppes. 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